Part 1
Ahamed, Syed V. Intelligent Networks. Elsevier, 2013.
Amezaga, Naroa, and Jeremy Hajek. "Availability of Voice Deepfake Technology and its Impact for Good and Evil." Proceedings of the 23rd Annual Conference on Information Technology Education. 2022.
Similar to the source on world leaders, this source discusses deep fakes, specifically with voice mimicking. The main purpose of this source is to outline both the positives and negatives of this AI feature. I feel as though this is the strongest element of the source, as it discusses both sides of the controversial technology. Once again, a possible downside is the advancements in technology since this was published.
Agarwal, Shruti, et al. "Protecting World Leaders Against Deep Fakes." CVPR workshops. Vol. 1. 2019.
This source’s main purpose is to discuss the complicated implications of deep fakes, specifically in regard to world leaders. This raises important questions on the societal negative impacts of progress in AI. It also resonates a sense of fear with the potential danger AI can create. One of the greatest strengths of this source is its offering of solutions in the form of protection from negative implications of AI. A possible weakness is that it is a somewhat subjective piece.
Baker, Pam. ChatGPT TM for Dummies. John Wiley & Sons, Inc., 2023.
This book is a beginners guide to ChatGPT, one of the most popular uses of AI. This is useful for someone not very familiar with AI, it helps learn the ins and outs of the program better. A top strength of this book is that it supplies information that can be easily understood by the general public. One weakness is that the book somewhat serves as a how to guide, which is not very helpful for research. This is an important source, as ChatGPT is likely the most widely known AI interface, allowing readers to relate and understand.
Bessen, James. "Artificial intelligence and jobs: The role of demand." The economics of artificial intelligence: an agenda. University of Chicago Press, 2018. 291-307.
Bhargava, Cherry, and Pradeep Kumar Sharma, editors. Artificial Intelligence : Fundamentals and Applications. First edition., CRC Press, 2021, https://doi.org/10.1201/9781003095910.
Bundy, Alan. "Preparing for the future of artificial intelligence." (2017): 285-287.
Burgess, J. H. Designing for Humans: The Human Factor in Engineering. Petrocelli Books, 1986.
This book is a great example of stating the importance of putting people first in technology development. While this source lacks to discuss AI, it dives deep into human consideration in the engineering process. If anything, it sets an interesting precedent for how people should handle AI development. While this is useful, this source does not mention AI, and is extremely outdated, so lack strong evidence.
Chesney, Bobby, and Danielle Citron. "Deep fakes: A looming challenge for privacy, democracy, and national security." Calif. L. Rev. 107 (2019): 1753.
Duarte, Otto Carlos M.B., and Guy Pujolle. Virtual Networks. ISTE, 2013.
Faisal, Asif, et al. “Understanding Autonomous Vehicles: A Systematic Literature Review on Capability, Impact, Planning and Policy.” Journal of Transport and Land Use, vol. 12, no. 1, 2019, pp. 45–72. JSTOR, https://www.jstor.org/stable/26911258. Accessed 23 Feb. 2024.
This source presents a literature review that discusses autonomous vehicles, their capabilities and their implications. The purpose is to provide an overview of the existing information on autonomous vehicles. The evidence is presented in an academic nature and covers many subtopics of the various impacts of AVs. The greatest strength of this piece is its mention of other scholarly sources to back up the main points in an academic way. One potential weakness is changing policies on AVs, as public policy is addressed frequently.
Liao, S. Matthew, editor. Ethics of Artificial Intelligence. Oxford University Press, 2020.
This book explores the ethical impact of advancements in AI technology. It delves into various ethical considerations, such as bias, privacy, accountability, and the impacts AI can have on society. The main purpose is to educate, yet also suggest the possible negatives of AI. This source is useful as it covers several subtopics of ethics and AI. One negative aspect is the subjectivity of ethics.
Mueller, John, and Luca Massaron. Artificial Intelligence for Dummies. Second edition., For Dummies, 2022.
Similar to the book on ChatGPT, this book offers an overall coverage on AI as a whole. Yet again, it is aimed at a broad audience that isn’t familiar with computer science. This leads to it having useful information to educate others and provide strong background information. One downside to this source is that it is relatively outdated. Much of the progress in AI has occurred since 2022, therefore not including these advancements.
Nourbakhsh, Illah Reza, and Jennifer Keating. AI and Humanity. MIT press, 2020.
This is an important source, as it connects AI to humanity. This discusses the several ways AI is impacting and will impact society. The evidence in this source is quite credible, coming from an institution known for excellence in technology. Providing the impact AI has on people is a great pro of this source. However, since it was published in 2020, there have been many advancements in AI since this was written.
Rotman, David. "How technology is destroying jobs." Technology Review 16.4 (2013): 28-35.
This source discusses one of the main criticisms of the advancement in AI. This supports a common viewpoint that readers find relatable and discusses a growing fear among the public. It provides strong evidence on why advancements in AI technology may not be beneficial to the world. This source does a great job of proving that point. Extending off that, a con of this source is its one-sided nature.
S. Chien, R. Doyle, A. G. Davies, A. Jonsson and R. Lorenz, The Future of AI in Space, IEEE, vol. 21, no. 4, pp. 64-69, 2006.
This is an interesting source since it discusses the use of AI in space. This is an important subtopic, as space can be dangerous and expensive for humans to work in. AI can serve as an excellent tool for space research to minimize the danger to humans, as well as the emissions and cost associated with sending them there. Additionally, AI functioning in space really demonstrates its capabilities to not need human assistance. This article is a good example of AI’s use to minimize risk to human lives in space and offers new technology options. However, it is now quite outdated and could definitely be updated to reflect current technology.
Stoma M, Dudziak A, Caban J, Droździel P. The Future of Autonomous Vehicles in the Opinion of Automotive Market Users. Energies. 2021,. https://doi.org/10.3390/en14164777
Thacker, Jason. The Age of AI: Artificial Intelligence and the Future of Humanity. Zondervan, 2020.
Tinnirello, Maurizio, editor. The Global Politics of Artificial Intelligence. First edition., CRC Press, 2022.
This text examines the intersection between politics and AI, and policy measures that have been put in place due to advancements in AI. The article provides great evidence of international legislative measures that have been put in place revolving around AI and its future. These are credible pieces of evidence as they come from several government entities. This is a large strongpoint of the source. While useful, it is still relatively more of a breadth source, rather than depth.
Wilson, H., Paul Daugherty, and Nicola Bianzino. The jobs that artificial intelligence will create. Summer: MIT Sloan Management Review, 2017.
This source is extremely useful, as it provides solutions to one of AI’s most criticized points. Many people feel as though AI will eliminate many jobs. While this is true, this offers a solution, discussing the jobs that AI will create. This evidence also has lots of validation behind it as it comes from an extremely prestigious institution for technology and business. The biggest pro to this source is that it covers a side of the story that doesn't get much attention, yet a shortcoming is that it is relatively one-sided.
Part 2
Throughout my research I found myself grappling between sources meant for the general public, and sources meant for people with backgrounds in computer science (not me). The sources I felt were geared more towards people in the field were slightly difficult to digest and fully understand. I am relatively uninformed about AI, but extremely interested in its implications. That's why I tried to aim most of my research towards the implications of AI, both good and bad. I felt that this was easier to grasp than the nitty gritty of the tech, and more useful toward my paper.
My research told me that I was just as informed as the average person was on AI, maybe even slightly more so. However, it definitely taught me I am miles behind anyone in computer science. One of the most surprising things I learned from my research was the prevalence of AI prior to 2023. In fact, only two of my 20 sources came from 2023 and on, while a majority of my sources came from 2017-2022. This was surprising, considering I felt as though the topic of AI only became widespread in the beginning of 2023. Yet as I learned, AI can mean many things, which may be the reason for this disparity. Regardless, I was shocked to learn how advanced AI was a decade ago.
This touches on how my view of the topic has evolved. I have discovered how much more AI is than ChatGPT. While I obviously knew this, I didn’t understand just how long AI has been ingrained in our society and technology. I feel as though this is a relatively similar thought for many people not well versed in computer science. I definitely intend to include this in my writing. What I intend to discuss the most though, is the implications of AI on society and our future. I feel as though this is an important topic to cover, as many people are curious how AI will change our lives, for the better and worse.
I think this story can be best told through the lens of an op-ed. With plentiful research, and the ability to still cover the topic from a general population point of view, I will be able to present my thoughts on when I think AI crosses the line. Additionally, I will discuss when its development needs to be closer examined before implementation or release to the public. I’ve discovered that AI is a powerful tool, and how its access needs to be controlled. Lastly, I will provide my recommendations for the future of AI. While I am not highly educated on the subject, I understand why my opinion does not carry much weight, but I hope my opinion can serve on behalf of the general public, concerned for our future.
Writing as an op-ed will also provide me the freedom to communicate in this manner. I want the freedom to be able to express my own voice, ideas, and opinions. Yet, I will continuously back these up through the several sources of research I’ve conducted on the matter. I am excited to learn more about this subject, and write about its serious and imminent implications. Since AI will play a large role in the rest of my life, and for the whole world, I thought it would be a good subject to devote so much time and energy toward. Additionally, a better understanding of AI is beneficial to everyone. I want to educate myself through this work, and hopefully educate others through my end result.